APC 400kW1MW User Manual download pdf (Page 53)

CHAPTER 6 - Disadvantages of Fuel Cells used in Data Centers

There are several disadvantages associated with installing a fuel cell system in data

center applications. These disadvantages include the initial cost, life of fuel cell stacks,

unknown failure rate, and a large footprint and weight. This chapter discusses each of these

disadvantages.

6.1 High Initial Cost

Fuel cells are more expensive in comparison to other distributed generation technologies

that are being considered for CHP applications, such as combustion turbines and engines.

However, UTC Power’s PureCell Model 200 fuel cell has been successful in regions where

electricity prices are high and natural gas prices are low as well as niche markets, like data

centers, that require high reliability [20, p. 5-11].

Fuel cell systems’ high initial cost is due to their expensive materials and fuel reformers.

Advances in engineering and materials used, as well as higher production levels, need to occur

in order for prices to decrease [1, p. 82; 12, p. iv].

6.2 Unknown Failure Rate

Fuel cells are at a disadvantage compared to other on-site generation technologies

because their failure mode is not completely known. This is due to their short operating history.

As mentioned previously, large monetary losses can occur from a data center experiencing a

power outage. Therefore, many data center owners are hesitant to deviate from the typical UPS

and generator system, as stated in the “Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy

Efficiency Public Law 109-431.” However, demonstration systems have been installed across

the US in order to prove reliability and improve operational practices [1, p. 82; 20, p. 5-11].

6.3 Life of Fuel Cell Stacks

Another uncertainty with a fuel cell system due to the lack of their operating history is the

estimation of the fuel cell stack life. This is an important factor for owners to understand

because stack replacement is another cost that they will incur. According to the “Report to

Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency Public Law 109-431,” fuel cells have not

been around long enough to be able to estimate fuel cell stack life” [1, p. 82].

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APC 400kW1MW User Manual Page 53