APC 400kW1MW User Manual download pdf (Page 15)

Figure 2-3 UTC Power's PureCell Model 400 Fuel Cell Module [B]

There are eight different types of fuel cells, and they are classified in accordance with

the electrolyte used [15, p. 1.1173]. They are the alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell

(MCFC), direct methanol fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), proton exchange membrane

fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), metal hydride fuel cell, and regenerative fuel cell. The

different fuel cell types vary in operating characteristics, construction materials, and potential

application [10, p. 1809]. PAFCs are generally used for commercial building applications.

However, MCFCs, PEMFCs, and SOFCs are also used [16, p. 1]. Few manufacturers are

exploring alkaline fuel cells for the building sector because of their electrolyte’s sensitivity to

carbon dioxide (CO

) [12, p. iv; 13, p. 2].

PAFCs, MCFCs, PEMFCs, and SOFCs have proven to be attractive for stationary use

through their commercialization, demonstrated operating hours, and support from continued

research and development. [12, p. 3]. Therefore, these four fuel cells will be the focus of the

remainder of the report.

2.2.1 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell

The phosphoric acid fuel cell has a liquid phosphoric acid electrolyte and porous carbon

electrodes that contain a platinum catalyst. The operating temperature of a PAFC can reach

430ºF (220ºC). Because of their high operating temperatures, PAFCs are less sensitive to

carbon monoxide poisoning compared to PEMFCs. This simplifies fuel processing, although

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APC 400kW1MW User Manual Page 15