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Troubleshooting
6-3
9. Add memory at host computer or RAID controller
Adding more memory to your motherboard or RAID controller helps to cache more data at memory to so as to reduce the
number I/O access to hard disks, especially helpful for data being accessed frequently. Bigger memory also helps to
avoid the performance glitch because more data can be buffered for write commands or pre-fetched for read commands,
especially helpful for multiple video streams.
10. Check data layout on hard disks
A hard disk can deliver its best performance when servicing I/O access on the inner tracks of disks, which provides data
of lower block address (LBA). As a result, to deliver high-throughput performance, place the data in the beginning area of
disk groups. To retain the performance of data at the second half area of disk groups, you may use more hard disks with
striping.
11. Make the I/O workload distribute evenly
Check below to ensure the I/O workload are distributed evenly
• Data is transferred evenly through multiple host-interface connections
• MPIO is enabled and dynamic load balancing is turned on
• I/O are processed evenly by the two controllers
• I/O are distributed evenly to multiple disk groups
12. Close the web GUI during I/O access
Sometimes, the web GUI or RAID monitoring software could be an influential factor to the performance unstableness,
because it needs to retrieve RAID system status periodically, and consumes CPU cycles of the storage processor. Close
the web GUI when you run time-sensitive applications.
13. Reduce the impact of background task
The background I/O tasks, like RAID initialization or rebuilding, have impact to the performance of your applications,
because they need to access hard disks. Even SMART monitoring could cause disturbance. You may set the priority of
background tasks to low, or schedule these tasks to run at non-business hours to avoid the impact.
14. Constantly monitor the I/O statistics
To know details of the performance of your RAID system, you may check the performance management web pages, by
which you may identify slow hard disks, slow host interface links, or unbalanced workload distribution (see 2.11
Performance Management on page 2-54). Some operating systems offer similar utilities. For example, Microsoft
Windows Performance Monitor not only displays many useful statistics but also can be configured to send out alerts
according to the threshold you set. The statistics can also be saved as a log file. You may find similar utilities from your
HBA and switch vendors.
15. Know more about performance benchmarking
And finally, you have to understand that the test result of performance benchmark tool is not always related to your real-
world performance. You have to be careful with choose right tools and right testing workload profiles to mimic your
application behaviors.
6.4 Hard Disks
Hard disks are the most important components in a RAID system because they are where the data resides. Please
contact your RAID system supplier to get the list of qualified hard disk models when you’re choosing hard disks.
1. Hard disks cannot be recognized by the RAID controller
The hard disks are initialized by the RAID controller when the controller boots up or when the hard disks are plugged into
the RAID system. If a hard disk cannot be ready within a specific period of time during the initialization, the RAID
controller will force the hard disks enter faulty state and you cannot see any model information of hard disks. To ensure
hard disks have enough time for power-on, you may extend the delay time when boot-up of the RAID controller (see 2.8.1
Hard disks on page 2-38).
2. Hard disks are offline unexpected
The RAID controller takes a hard disk offline when the hard disk cannot respond to the RAID controller after the full-cycle
error recovery procedure has been done. This could happen when the hard disk is permanently dead because of its
internal component failure, and you lose all your data on the hard disk. Another reason a hard disk is taken offline is that
its reserved space for meta-data (RAID configurations) cannot be written, which means the reserved space for bad block
reallocation in the hard disk has been full. This is unlikely to happen because two copies of meta-data are reserved, and
a hard disk is offline only when both areas cannot be accessed.
An offline hard disk might also be transiently down because of its disk controller firmware lockdown or mechanical
unstableness. In this case, the hard disk is still accessible and you may reuse it, but the hard disk might fail again.
- U320 SCSI to SATAII 1
- 4G Fibre to SAS 1
- SAS to SAS 1
- Disk Array Systems 1
- JanusRAID II Generic 3
- Software Manual 3
- Table of Contents 5
- Contents 10
- List of Tables 11
- List of Figures 12
- About this manual 15
- Symbols used in this manual 15
- Chapter 1: Introduction 17
- 1.2 Key Features 18
- 1.3 How to Use This Manual 21
- 1.4 RAID Structure Overview 22
- Introduction 24
- Chapter 2: Using the RAID GUI 26
- Using the RAID GUI 27
- • Firefox language settings 27
- 2.1.2 Multiple System Viewer 28
- 2.2 Monitor Mode 29
- 2.2.1 HDD state 30
- 2.2.2 Information icons 31
- 2.2.3 Rear side view 32
- 2.2.4 Login 35
- 2.3.3 Monitor mode 38
- 2.3.4 Information icons 38
- 2.4 Config Mode 39
- 2.5 Quick Setup 40
- 2.6 RAID Management 41
- 2.6.2 JBOD 42
- 2.6.3 Disk groups 43
- • Delete disk groups 44
- • Modify disk groups 44
- 2.6.4 Logical disks 45
- • Delete logical disks 46
- • Modify logical disks 46
- 2.6.5 Volumes 47
- 2.6.6 Snapshot Volumes 48
- 2.6.7 Storage provisioning 50
- • Symmetric method 51
- • Selective method 53
- 2.7 Maintenance Utilities 54
- 2.7.6 Expanding volumes 57
- 2.7.7 Shrinking volumes 57
- 2.7.8 Cloning hard disks 58
- 2.7.9 Scrubbing 58
- 2.7.12 Array roaming 60
- 2.7.13 Array recovery 60
- • Partition state transition 61
- • Start a recovery 61
- 2.7.14 Schedule task 62
- 2.7.15 Cache Configurations 62
- 2.7.16 Miscellaneous 62
- 2.8 Hardware Configurations 63
- 2.8.2 Ports 65
- 2.8.3 COM port 68
- 2.9 Event Management 69
- • SNMP MIB Definition 70
- 2.9.3 Event logs 71
- 2.9.4 UPS 72
- 2.9.5 Miscellaneous 72
- 2.10 System Management 73
- 2.10.4 System Time 76
- 2.10.5 Security control 76
- 2.10.6 System information 77
- 2.10.7 Battery backup module 77
- 2.10.10 Miscellaneous 78
- 2.11 Performance Management 79
- 2.11.3 LUN 80
- 2.11.4 Storage port 80
- Using the LCD Consolel 82
- 3.2 LCD Messages 83
- 3.2.3 Emergent info 84
- 3.2.5 Hotkeys 85
- 3.3 Menu 86
- 3.3.4 Terminal Port Settings 87
- 3.3.5 System Settings 87
- 3.3.6 System Information 87
- 4.1 Overview 88
- 4.2 Basic RAID Management 89
- 4.2.3 Disk groups 90
- 4.2.4 Spare and rebuild 90
- 4.2.5 Logical disks 91
- 4.2.7 Volumes 92
- 4.2.8 Cache 92
- 4.3.3 Task priority control 95
- 4.4 Storage Presentation 97
- 4.4.3 Storage groups 98
- 4.4.4 Presentation planning 99
- 4.5.1 Generic hard disk 100
- Using the CLI Commands 101
- 4.5.2 SAS ports 102
- 4.5.3 SCSI ports 102
- 4.5.4 FC ports 103
- 4.5.6 Local terminal ports 105
- 4.5.7 Enclosure 105
- 4.5.9 iSCSI target / ports 106
- 4.6 Performance management 108
- 4.6.4 Storage ports 109
- 4.8 Event Management 110
- 4.8.3 Event handling 111
- 4.9 System Management 112
- 4.9.2 Time management 113
- 4.9.4 System information 114
- 4.9.5 Miscellaneous 115
- 4.10.1 Lookup RAID systems 116
- 4.12 Snapshot 117
- Chapter 5: Advanced Functions 119
- Advanced Functions 120
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 121
- 7 8 9 10 11 12 121
- • MPIO Device Information 123
- • Manage multipathd service 126
- 5.2 Multiple ID solutions 128
- 5.3 Redundant Controller 129
- Host Group 0 133
- Host Group 1 134
- • GUI Notification 139
- 5.4 Snapshot 140
- • Spare COW Volume 141
- • Restoring by Snapshots 141
- • Online Volume Expansion 141
- 5.4.3 How to Use Snapshots 142
- • Snapshot Roaming 144
- 5.5.2 Logical disk shrink 146
- 5.5.3 Logical disk expansion 147
- 5.5.4 Disk group expansion 148
- • Do extend a partition: 150
- • Do shrink a partition: 150
- 5.6 RAIDGuard Central 151
- 5.6.2 Deployment Overview 152
- • Windows OS platform 153
- • Mac/ Linux OS platform 153
- 5.6.6 RGC GUI Overview 155
- 5.6.8 RAID System Monitoring 160
- 5.7 VDS Provider 161
- • Register RAID systems 163
- • Microsoft DiskRAID 163
- • Emulex EZPilot 164
- Chapter 6: Troubleshooting 165
- 6.3 Performance Tuning 166
- 6.4 Hard Disks 167
- 6.5 User Interfaces 168
- Troubleshooting 169
- A.1 RAID Overview 173
- A.2 RAID 0 174
- A.3 RAID 1 175
- A.4 RAID 3 176
- A.5 RAID 5 177
- A.6 RAID 6 178
- A.7 RAID 10 179
- A.8 RAID 30 180
- A.9 RAID 50 181
- A.10 RAID 60 182
- A.11 JBOD 183
- A.12 NRAID 184
- B.1 Overview 185
- Appendix 186
- Appendix C: Boot Utility 194
- C.1 (N) Set IP address 195
- C.2 (L) Load Image by TFTP 195
- C.3 (B) Update Boot ROM 196
- C.4 (S) Update System ROM 197
- C.5 (H) Utility menu 197
- C.6 (P) Set password 197
- C.7 (R) Restart system 197
- D.1 RAID 198
- • Initialization 200
- • Spare 201
- • Rebuild 202
- • Roaming 202
- • Recovery 203
- • Write Cache 204
- D.2 Task 205
- • Logical disk migration 206
- • Logical disk shrink 209
- • Disk group defragmentation 209
- • Volume expansion 210
- • Disk cloning 210
- D.3 Disk 219
- • Disk port and chip 221
- • SMART disk self tests 222
- • Bad block handling 223
- • On-disk metadata 225
- • Disk Cache 227
- D.4 Host ports 228
- • IO exceptions handling 229
- • Port and chip 229
- • Hosts 230
- • iSCSI 235
- D.5 Controller hardware 237
- D.6 Enclosure 239
- • Voltage 240
- • Power supply 242
- D.7 System 246
- • Security control 247
- • Events 248
- • Firmware update 250
- • Email (SMTP) server status 251
- • Miscellaneous 252
- • Fail-back 253
- D.8 Network 255
- • iSCSI port 256
- D.9 Miscellaneous 257
- D.10 Snapshot 257
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